2024 Top 500 ranking: 8
France’s debt-to-GDP ratio stabilized until 2015, slightly under the threshold of 100%.
This stabilisation was made possible by a slight decline in the primary deficit, but mostly by a dive in interest rates due to the ECB’s very accommodating monetary policy.
Stewardship activities, like engagement and voting, are increasingly seen as effective tools for promoting corporate accountability, enhancing long-term value, and driving sustainability.
“With ongoing inflation swings, central banks will be increasingly data-dependent.”
We study how global equity markets price the physical climate risk associated with tropical cyclones. To assess firms’ exposure to this risk, we use a bottom-up, forward-looking measure of firms’ expected losses to their geolocalized physical assets based on simulated cyclone tracks under different climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 6.0).
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