Significant investment is required to build resilient economies capable of addressing the current climate and environmental challenges. This need is particularly crucial in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), which are relatively more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. More broadly, large-scale investment estimated to be as high as US$4.5 trillion per year in EMDEs is required to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Securing that scale of investment could be particularly challenging in the context of the growth shock caused by the pandemic, ongoing constraints to economic recovery in EMDEs, and the uncertainty generated by the war in Ukraine.

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